Bubble Display Source Code & Bill of Materials

This open office / libre office / open document spreadsheet lists (most of) the parts I purchased for the bubble display, as well as the supplier part number. As some of the parts were surplus, or purchased from China via ebay, the suppliers may or may not still have them available. I didn’t keep the BOM document entirely up to date after I started to put things together, especially for several last minute runs to the hardware store, but it generally shows all of the major components.
Bubble Display BOM

This is a source code dump that includes the arduino code that I wrote for the bubble display. It’s not very nice looking, but it may help others to learn what I did on the software side of things. You’ll also need a Shifter library for the 74HC595 shift registers and a WS2801 library for the RGB serial LED string.

bubbleDisplay.ino

The “images” are encoded as individual pixels, hard coded as an array, generated by python code from simple .GIF images. Edit the image in an image editor, and then run the code to generate the C code array data.

eyes

gvuLogo

gvu20

BDPictureMaker.py

Building another Toroid

Since my first toroid was out of tune, I decided to actually follow directions this time and use an 8″ inner tube (2″ diameter) for my Toroid. I bought an 8″ inner tube and 50 yards of Aluminum Duct tape so I wouldn’t run out.

Then I went off-label and added a 4″ Big Daddio anodized aluminum personal pie pan which I’m going to try as a mounting system.
inner_tube_daddio_pie_pan

After drilling a hole in the base of the personal pie pan, I wrapped it and the inner tube with aluminum tape.

torroid2_closeup

After this picture was taken I had to extend the aluminum tape down to cover the hole in the pie pan, as the anodized aluminum pie pan was apparently not conducting. After I did that I got less than 300 ohms resistance measurement from the outside of the toroid to ground.

torroid2_on_coil

The size of this toroid is much closer to spec, although the Big Daddio pie pan holds it about 1″ higher than a straight piece of cardboard. Unfortunately, when I measured it’s resonance, I found a big signal at 340 kHz, (2.93 micro-seconds) which is even higher than my first toroid! Obviously I’m doing something wrong.

Electric Truck Battery Pack Status Report

I’ve been driving my electric pickup truck since February of 2011, and have almost 2.5 years on my first lead acid battery pack (twenty six-volt GC-8 golf cart batteries by Energizer/Johnson Controls/Costco). I’ve put just under 2000 miles a year on the truck (4449 miles since I got it, 16011 miles total as an electric truck) but have charged the batteries around six hundred times. My average trip is relatively short (7.43 miles) and I’m averaging around 800 watt/hours per mile driven (measured from the wall, including charger and battery inefficiencies.)

When I first got the truck I could drive 20 miles with ease, and if I pushed things and drove carefully I could get up to a 30 mile trip out of the battery pack without pushing it below 80% discharged. Over the last 2.5 years / 600 cycles the pack has degraded, and one battery basically failed. I replaced the failed battery (it had about 1/2 the capacity of the rest of the pack and was limiting my maximum range to 5-7 miles per charge) with a replacement for $100 and now the pack is performing at a reasonable rate for a 2.5 year old set of batteries.

My current max range is around 15+ miles (I’ve driven several 13-14 mile trips carefully without getting any low battery alerts), which is enough to make it to the hardware store and back with a long piece of lumber. My typical commute is a 4 mile round trip to the MARTA station, so it can very easily make this trip. I expect that in the next year I won’t be able to make it to the hardware stores, but will probably still be able to use it to get to the MARTA station for a one or two more years.

I plan on replacing the entire pack in one or two years, depending upon how things shake out. It appears that my battery costs per mile will be in the 0.30 – 0.40 range, which is under the federal mileage rate, but does not count the cost of electricity (around 0.09 a mile) or maintenance. I have actually been very happy with the cost of maintenance on the truck. I replaced the two front shocks myself, had a shop service the brakes when I purchased it, and replaced a few pieces of interior trim and a parking break lever with parts I got at a junk yard, but all told the maintenance costs have been under $300 for the last few years. Compared to the maintenance needed on our internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle this is a pittance…I could have bought two new battery packs for the truck with all the money we have spent on the family car in the shop over the last two years.

Building a temporary toroid

I decided that I couldn’t wait for the official oneTesla stamped metal toroid to arrive, so I built one myself out of stuff I bought at the hardware store.

a toroid made of flexible alunimum hose and silver tape

3" by 8' flexible alunimum ducting, and silver plumbers alunimum duct tape
(Specifically 3″ flexible aluminum ducting, and aluminum Duct/Plumbers tape. I couldn’t find any 2″ flexible ducting…more about this later) I ran out of tape, so I couldn’t make it quite as nice as I would have liked, but a lack of tape isn’t my only problems from an aesthetic standpoint. I’m really looking forward to having the professionally stamped toroid, as it should maintain the great aesthetics of the kit.

It actually looked a lot nicer back when I only had one round of tape holding the two ends together. I also had some extra “Great Stuff” expanding foam that I had just used to plug some holes in the house, so I filled the inside of my toroid with some foam to give it a bit of extra rigidity before I taped it closed.

flexible alunimum ducting wraped around a circular wood form atop a oneTesla coil.

I used a piece of thin plywood to hold the toroid, and wrapped it in aluminum tape (until I ran out).
coil halfway taped
I used the last of my tape to completely cover the top and bottom of the wood circle and bridge to the toroid. I also taped the breakout point coming off of my toroid.
top of wooden form covered in tape, with a breakout point mounted.

Now, for the big annoyance. Because I couldn’t find any 2″ tubing, I substituted 3″ tubing instead. The toroid has a major dimension of close to 11 inches and the diameter is 3″. The oneTesla recommended toroid has an 8″ major dimension and a 2″ minor dimension. I don’t know how much this will affect the Tesla coil, but I’m hoping that as long as I run it at 1/4 or 1/3 of the max power things won’t break.

Update:
Unfortunately, this toroid was measured about 70kHz out of tune (233kHz for the primary, vs 303khz for the toroid that I made). I only turned the power up to 40% and the primary oscillated, (you can hear the buzzing) but I never got a spark. I have a smaller 2″ diameter inner tube and more aluminum tape on order now…

oneTesla kit review and build comments.

oneTesla tesla coil kit completed

Big Picture:
I was one of the first 100 backers of the oneTelsa Kickstarter (120 volt) and received one of their earlier kits (manual revision 1.3.0). Overall I was very happy with the kit. The overall build quality of the resulting Tesla coil (and especially the case) is much nicer than I could have achieved on my own without a kit, and the laser cut acrylic parts fit together very closely.

base_closeup

Because this is the first product the oneTesla team has shipped, and they are just starting out, some mistakes are expected. My kit did have one major problem: They accidentally shipped a 220 volt circuit board (for Europe or other countries that don’t use the 120 volt standard) and omitted the interrupter board entirely. Everything else in my bag of parts was set up for 120 volts. After a quick email to the oneTesla team they shipped me the correct circuit boards and I was able to solder them up. There were a few other minor hiccups with the kit (a missing screw, an extra fourth wire in the gate drive transformer pre-twisted wire set, weird reversed green LED’s, and a missing 2 pin jumper header that I replaced from my stock) but nothing else that was a real show stopper. The 1.3.0 manual was missing a few minor assembly steps, but nothing you couldn’t figure out from looking at the pictures and the parts lists, and most of those have been fixed in the 1.3.3 manual online.

Issues/suggestions for somebody else building a kit to think about:

Reversed Green LED’s
At least in the kit I received, the green LED’s were “backwards” in that the flat edge of the LED should be mounted OPPOSITE the flat edge in the circuit silkscreen. I believe they bought budget surplus gray market LED’s and got stuck with a batch with this weird manufacturing defect that a large company had rejected. This is documented in the errata online, and I didn’t make the mistake on the main board, but for some reason I didn’t remember to double check what color the LED was for the interrupter board. [Everything works with the LED reversed except you don’t get the power indication light ….but I decided it was worth fixing so that I didn’t accidentally run my battery down because I forgot to turn the interrupter off.]

Alternate Glue
They recommend using hot glue to affix all of the acrylic pieces. This would work, is somewhat reversible, and many people will already have a hot glue gun or can easily buy one locally. However, for the best visual appearance, I would recommend using acrylic welding solvent instead. Of course, acrylic welding solvent is scary stuff, so if you use it, read the warnings and wear nitrile gloves!

I used IPS Weld On 3 (McMaster Carr part number 7528A13) for both cases and the primary core base/clips. It will probably cost you as much as a hot glue gun to buy, but a one pint bottle will weld a LOT of acrylic. First, make sure you have the case assembled correctly, with all of the holes/slots lining up with the circuit board. Remember to try reversing the bottom piece if things are not lining up. Pay special attention to the slot where the wires from the primary core go into the screw terminals on the back. The cases are very nicely designed, but I wouldn’t have minded a few matching numbers etched in the corners to make it very easy to determine the exact orientation of each piece relative to one another.

After you are sure you have the cases assembled correctly (I held them together with rubber bands while testing), make sure that you can get your circuit boards into them from the top (they are a very tight fit, my case walls have to bend just slightly when inserting the main circuit board at an angle with a rolling motion).

To glue, lay the case down on it’s side with the base hanging off the edge of the table. (The base keeps the side pieces square.) Then use a q-tip to place a small drop of weld-on on the top of each tab that sticks up through the horizontal acrylic piece. You will see the water thin solvent wicking between the tabs and coating the bases of the joints between the tabs. I did one side (two sets of tabs) at a time with a ten minute wait between sides. Finally I turned the case upside down and affixed the base. Don’t glue on the tops!

For the primary core clips, I used clothespins to hold all six clips on. Make sure they are all straight and their spacing is evenly distributed. I used a coffee stir stick to place a small drop of acrylic welder on the top of the clip where it rests against the outside of the round acrylic primary form. After those set up (20 minutes) I took one clothespin off at a time and placed a drop of solvent on the top of the clip where it met the inside of the primary form, putting the clothespin back on to hold it in place for another 20 minutes. Finally, I turned the form upside down and placed a drop between the “U” bottom of the clip and the top of the form while rotating it slightly in my hand to use gravity to get the solvent to wick between the top of the form and the bottom of the clip’s “U”.

I did use hot glue to affix the top and bottom circles for the secondary core as that was an acrylic to ABS joint, which IPS Weld-On #3 isn’t good for, and it was a hidden joint anyways. I glued the bolt with magnet wire soldered to the terminal ring onto the acrylic circle while holding the bolt head in a pair of pliers, and used the wing nut to pull the bolt in tight. After the bolt was tight, I put extra hot glue all around the bolt head. Be sure to test your resistance between the bolts is less than 300 ohms (I got 228) before gluing the ends onto the secondary PVC pipe!

interrupter_closeup

Battery in the interrupter
I was a little worried about the lack of clearance between the metallic case of the 9V battery and the bottom of the leads and solder connections on my interrupter board, so I wrapped the battery in black electrical tape to make sure nothing shorted out.

tesla_coil_base
Terminal substitutions
I substituted a ring terminal for the fork terminal they provided in the kit for the ground wire that affixes to the bottom of the secondary bolt. I feel the ring terminal is less likely to accidentally come off. Their assembly pictures shows a ring terminal on their demonstration model while the manual notes that they provide a fork terminal.

Instead of soldering a wire to the ground terminal on the top of the IEC power inlet, I bent the terminal upright and then used a crimp-on female spade terminal on the end of the ground wire to connect the wire to the IEC ground clip. I don’t plan on removing this connection, but this gives me flexibility for alternate grounding solutions if I need it in the future. For example, I can remove the ground wire entirely and replace it with a ring terminal going to an exterior ground. (It was also easier than taking the circuit board out of my case to solder the wire on, or trying to navigate my soldering iron inside the case.)

oneTesla build

Who has a 99% complete tesla coil? Yes, that’s right, due to my extensive blogroll of the technorati (i.e. MIT students) I found out about the oneTesla kickstarter before it got super popular and got in on the ground floor (first 100 backers). Over the next month they got more and more interest, and I kept watching the features of the kit I had pledged/ordered go up. [Better interrupter, stamped toroid, etc…] Of course, like most kickstarters, it took them about three times longer than they had anticipated to actually ship the rewards, but I got my kit and (after a few customer service emails) put it all together!

oneTesla tesla coil kit completed

The only thing missing is the stamped toroid for the top, so I can’t quite spit out long sparks to the tune of the imperial march, but since I was expecting to have to make my own toroid out of an inner-tube and aluminum tape when I made the pledge, I can’t complain about a few delays in such a custom component.

So until the toroid’s ship, you (and I) will just have to watch other people’s oneTeslas making music:

dyndns.org (dyn) ddclient configuration fix

I have been using ddclient to update my dynamic dns records for various servers and laptops for many years now. Around a month ago they all stopped updating the DNS server. I eventually tracked the error down to a line in the configuration file:

server=members.dyndns.org

It’s not like I had made up a random server name…this server had been working successfully for several years. And it is the server recommended by the ddclient automatic configuration script generator on the dyndns.org website even now. [https://account.dyn.com/tools/clientconfig.html] However, at least for me on Ubuntu 10.04 and ddclient 3.8.0 it had stopped working.

I changed it over to:

server=members.dyndns.com

And this fixed the problem.

Top speed 275 mm / sec

Although my print head can move at 300 mm/sec, my extruder can not reliably keep the plastic flowing at that speed. (Perhaps if I turned up my extruder temperature above 195 C…)

I have decided that 275 mm / sec is a reliable top speed for my extruder after printing a relatively large part at that speed with the temperature turned up to 200 C.

This video shows layers being printed in about 15 seconds with 3 exterior perimeters and 25% infill.

Here is another video of the twisted koch snowflake vase (scaled up to 150%) being printed at 275 mm/sec top speed. Due to the fractal nature of the sides of the vase the platform rarely got up to the top speed, as it never had a long enough path to accelerate up to full speed.

Printing at 300mm/sec

I decided that I needed to switch to a different (larger) 3D object so that my printer could accelerate up to full speed on some long straightaways. Here is what 300 mm/sec printing looks like on a larger square object:

However, my extruder just couldn’t keep the plastic flowing (at least, not at 185 C), and it jammed. So I have decided to try 275 mm/sec with the temp set to 200 C (lading to an actual extruder temp that is closer to 195 C).